To use
HTTPS
for web traffic, you will need to obtain a valid Apache SSL certificate.
When generating an Apache (mod_ssl) SSL certificate, you have two
options:
- Purchase a SSL certificate from a certificate authority (CA).
Searching the Web for "certificate authority" will present several
choices.
- Generate a self-signed certificate. This option costs nothing and
provides the same level of encryption as a certificate purchased from a
certificate authority (CA). However, this option can be a mild
annoyance to some users, because Internet Explorer (IE) issues a
harmless warning each time a user visits a site that uses a self-signed
certificate.
Regardless of which option you select, the process is almost identical.
-
Know the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the website for which
you want to request a certificate.
If you want to access your site through
https://www.example.com, then the FQDN of your
website is
www.example.com.
Note: This is also known as your common name.
-
Generate the key with the SSL
genrsa command.
-
openssl genrsa -out www.example.com.key
1024
This command generates a 1024 bit RSA private key and stores it in the
file
www.example.com.key.
Tip: Back up your
www.example.com.key file, because
without this file your SSL certificate will not be valid.
-
Generate the CSR with SSL req command.
-
openssl req -new -key www.example.com.key -out
www.example.com.csr
This command will prompt you for the X.509 attributes of your
certificate. Give the fully qualified domain name,
such as
www.example.com, when prompted for
Common Name.
Note: Do not enter your personal name here. It is requesting a
certificate for a webserver, so the Common Name has to match the
FQDN of your website.
-
Generate a self-signed certificate.
-
openssl x509 -req -days 370 -in www.example.com.csr
-signkey www.example.com.key -out
www.example.com.crt
This command will generate a self-signed certificate in
www.example.com.crt.
You will now have an RSA private key in
www.example.com.key, a Certificate Signing Request
in
www.example.com.csr, and an SSL certificate in
www.example.com.crt. The self-signed SSL
certificate that you generated will be valid for 370 days.